Jane Austen s The Socio Economic Status Of A Woman

During the time of Jane Austen the socio-economic status of a woman depended greatly on marriage. Perhaps it was Austen’s past life events that led her to constructing such a magnificent piece of writing like Emma. Austen herself was to be a witness of how a woman’s reputation could change with marriage, once she received a marriage proposal which she denied despite the fact that this man was â€Å"to inherit a sizeable amount of real estate† (Warren, 2). Emma by Jane Austen undoubtedly tells about the life of women whose one of the few ways of exercising any sort of power was by choosing whether they wanted to marry or not. Human speech has never been something easy to decipher, since people do not always say what they mean, regardless of time period. This is also reflected in Emma, where riddles and word games between the characters of the novel have different meanings for different people. These word games can be utilized by women in different ways as they can be easily misinterpreted, at the same time, such matters can drastically change the stature of a woman. Word games among society are not always so evident. Sometimes it is necessary to learn how to read in between the lines, and that is what women have had been doing ever since the Nineteenth century. The word games in this novel are the representation of the real life complexity of the human speech. For instance, in volume I, chapter XI of Emma, Mr. Elton brings a riddle for Emma Woodhouse who despite of being one ofShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agre e with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on loveRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1434 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was considered a radical novel back in 1813 when she wrote and published the piece. It is a social commentary on the treatment and societal standards of women, as well marriage expectations at the turn of the 19th century. Austen criticizes the patriarchal society, materialism, double standards of men and women by centering the book around Elizabeth Bennett, a young woman of decent means who does not understand the reason for the pressure to find a suitable husbandRead MorePride and Prejudice- First Impressions1392 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen was originally titled First Impressions. This is significant because it reflects the values and attitudes of 19th century England, and portrays the main themes of the novel. It is set i n England during the 1800s and Austen focuses on a society whose opinions are based on first impressions. This is achieved through cultural context, characterisation, narratorial commentary, and methods/techniques. During the 19th Century, first impressions were veryRead More Pride And Prejudice Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice The novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen was originally titled First Impressions. This is significant because it reflects the values and attitudes of 19th century England, and portrays the main themes of the novel. It is set in England during the 1800’s and Austen focuses on a society whose opinions are based on first impressions. This is achieved through cultural context, characterisation, narratorial commentary, and methods/techniques. During the 19th CenturyRead MorePsychoanalytic Criticism Of Freud s Theory Of Human Personality Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychoanalytic criticism is built upon Sigmund Freud’s psychological theories of the unconscious, the desires, and the defenses. The father of psychoanalysis began his work in the 1880’s, treating the chaos of hysteria first, listening to his patients talk through their problems. From his studies, he came to conclusion that a person’s behavior is affected by their unconscious, ...the notion that human beings are motivated, even driven, by desires, fears, needs, and conflicts of which they areRead MoreJane Austen s Lessons On Dating And Marriage1528 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen’s Lessons on Dating Marriage Writing a paper for the purpose of discussing Jane Austen s Lessons on dating and marriage in the 19th century, English novel, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, is truly a challenge because there are many obscure as well as obvious lessons to be learned. Elizabeth Bennet, the novel’s protagonist, takes us on a journey into her thoughts, feelings and experiences as she learns to deal with various family crisis as well as her own quest for love. There are good lessonsRead MoreEssay on The Gothic Genre and What it Entails6177 Words   |  25 Pageswith the very unique socio-political situation in the 1960s echoing a the unique situation of the late eighteenth century, the heyday of the genre.) Since then there has been a deluge of commentary which has elevated the genre to a critical and scholarly favourite. It is often said that one of the unifying features of Romanticism is its intentional political relevance. Much of the canonical Romantic literature is inspired or informed by socio-political events. We need Read MoreMetamorphoses Within Frankenstein14861 Words   |  60 PagesThe Critical Metamorphoses of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein You must excuse a trif ling d eviation, From Mrs. Shelley’s marvellous narration — from th e musical Frankenstein; or, The Vamp ire’s Victim (1849) Like Coleridge’ s Ancient Mariner , who erupts into Mary Sh elley’s text as o ccasionally and inev itably as th e Monster into Victor Frankenstein’s lif e, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometh eus passes, like night, from land to land and w ith stang ely ad aptable powers of speech

Market Situation and Consumption of Coffee Products in Abu Dhabi Marke Term Paper

Essays on Market Situation and Consumption of Coffee Products in Abu Dhabi Market Term Paper The paper â€Å"Market Situation and Consumption of Coffee Products in Abu Dhabi Market† is a   great version of a case study on marketing. Abu Dhabi is a federal capital located at the center of the (United Arab Emirates) UAE government and is said to be one of the most modernized cities in the world. The population is about 1.5 million and the headquarters of various oil companies and embassies are located in the city resulting in development. The city has about 420,000 citizens and the others are foreigners, among the citizens each one is worth about 17 million dollars and this conclusion made Abu Dhabi be described by CNN as the richest city in the entire world (Aaker 500). The city is beautiful featuring large gardens and parks along the roads and streets.There are also sophisticated buildings, the international luxurious chain of hotels and sumptuous shopping malls. For long Abu Dhabi has been viewed as a calm and bureaucratic city, unlike neighboring Dubai. To attract more tourists and investors, the 2004 ruler introduced the sale of lands to foreigners and the tight restrictions on alcohol were loosened. Massive projects are now underway, for example, the Yas Island and the Ferrari theme park are under construction. The city is currently experiencing a construction boom with the Saadiyat Island and Louvre Museums that are scheduled to be opened by 2013 (Aaker 501).A devastating storm has been brewing the world’s physical coffee market especially in the Middle East region (Hickman 56). This is because the firms that are responsible for the delivery of seeds are being hit by a double crisis. The soaring prices and increased margins have forces exporters and importers to take on more risks for example by abandoning hedges to avoid more financial costs. Coffee handlers have therefore been condemned for increasing their price margins which are the sum paid to maintain an open exchange relationship. The margins increased by about 150 percent f or the last six months of 2010, therefore, increasing the cost of evading purchases of coffee in the future.According to Aaker (503) in Guatemala, which is the highest producer of high-quality Arabica beans, for example, the financial squeeze became unbearable in a way that export and import trade came as at a standstill. This is because most exporters declared that it was impossible for them to hedge more purchases as this would bring them losses in shipment costs. In Colombia which is the top grower of Arabica coffee, exporters were selling as fixed prices to avoid destroying the future market. The world’s biggest supplier of coffee, Brazil is increasing hedges in order to avoid losses brought about by paying for the increased margins. With the continuing rise of prices, the firms that have not hedged their positions are undergoing losses in the market.The margin squeeze of coffee is compared to the surge in oil and grain prices which led to the collapse of most firms espec ially in 2008. Taback (78) shows the impact of this is being felt in smaller clubby coffee markets which have been left out when the commodity was at the boom stage. This affects the smaller local exporters who buy the beans from small farmers and sell them to big companies such as Folgers’ or Starbucks. The small amount of money got is usually not enough to maintain the position of these exporters in the market. The worry is in maintaining the position on exchange and what the position will be is not known.

Ap World History 2010 Q3 Free Essays

WORLD HISTORY 2010 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 3 — Comparative BASIC CORE (competence) 0–7 Points 1. Has acceptable thesis. 1 Point †¢ The thesis must include both a valid similarity and a valid difference in methods of political control in two of the empires. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap World History 2010 Q3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢ The thesis must be relevant to the time period, but the dates need not be explicit. †¢ The thesis must be explicitly stated in the introduction or the specified conclusion of the essay. †¢ The thesis may appear as one sentence or as multiple sentences. †¢ A thesis that is split among multiple paragraphs or merely restates the prompt is unacceptable. The thesis CANNOT count for any other point. 2. Addresses all parts of the question, though not necessarily evenly or thoroughly. 2 Points For 2 points: †¢ Identifies at least one valid similarity and one valid difference in methods of political control. †¢ Discusses two empires but not necessarily evenly. For 1 point: †¢ Identifies at least one valid similarity or at least one valid difference in methods of political control. †¢ Discusses two empires but not necessarily evenly. 3. Substantiates thesis with appropriate historical evidence. 2 Points For 2 points: Must provide at least five specific pieces of evidence (at least two from each empire). †¢ Evidence must be within the designated time periods (e. g. , evidence from the Roman Republic or Qin dynasty is not acceptable). For 1 point: †¢ Must provide at least three specific pieces of evidence (at least one from each empire). †¢ Evidence must be within the designated time periods. 4. Makes at least one direct, relevant comparison between/among societies. 1 Point (The direct comparison may discuss either similarities or differences. ) †¢ To earn this point, the comparison must be made somewhere other than in the thesis. . Analyzes at least one reason for a similarity or a difference identified in a direct compariso n. †¢ Analysis (reason why) must be related to a similarity or a difference in methods of political control between the two empires. Subtotal 1 Point 7 Points  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. AP ® WORLD HISTORY 2010 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 3 — Comparative (continued) EXPANDED CORE (excellence) Expands beyond basic core of 1–7 points. A student must earn 7 points in the basic core area before earning points in the expanded core area. 0–2 Points Examples: †¢ Has a clear, analytical and comprehensive thesis. †¢ Addresses all parts of the question thoroughly (as relevant): comparisons, chronology, causation, connections, themes, interactions, content. †¢ Provides ample historical evidence to substantiate thesis. †¢ Relates comparisons to larger global context. †¢ Makes several direct, relevant comparisons between or among societies. †¢ Consistently analyzes the causes and effects of relevant similarities and differences. †¢ Applies relevant knowledge of other regions or world historical processes. †¢ Discusses change over time (e. g. changing methods of political control as the empires began to decline). †¢ Recognizes nuances within empires. Subtotal 2 Points TOTAL 9 Points  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. ollegeboard. com.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. AP ® WORLD HISTORY 2010 SCORING COMMENTARY Question 3 Overview The intent of the question was for students to pick two of the stipulated empires — Han China (206 B. C. E. to 220 C. E. ), Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B. C. E. to 550 C. E. ), Imperial Rome (31 B. C. E. to 476 C. E. ) — and compare the ways those empires exerted political control over their populaces. Students were explicitly told to discuss both similarities and differences in methods of political control. Sample: 3A Score: 8 The essay contains a valid thesis in the second and third sentences of the first paragraph (1 point). In the fourth paragraph, the essay addresses a similarity (â€Å"Both empires had unstable borders†) and several differences, including â€Å"However, Han China dealt with the Turkic Huns through the tribute systems, thus placating them with gifts and avoiding costly expensive warfare, which Rome preferred when dealing with their enemies† (2 points). Although there is ample evidence for the Han, Roman evidence is limited by discussion of the Republic, which could not be counted. There is, however, enough evidence for 2 evidence points. In addition to the direct comparison listed above, there is another difference at the bottom of the second paragraph — â€Å"However, because there was less emphasis as a collective group in Rome, the political organization was a lot less structured than China’s† — which earned 1 point for the comparison and 1 point because the statement also involves an analysis. This essay contained a complex thesis, sufficient depth of comparison, and supporting evidence to earn 1 Expanded Core point. Sample: 3B Score: 6 This essay contains a valid thesis in the first paragraph (1 point) and addresses both similarities and differences (2 points). There is sufficient evidence for both the Mauryan/Gupta and the Han empires (2 points). The direct comparison is found in the second paragraph: â€Å"Han China and Maurya Gupta [sic] both consolidated their power through military buildup† (1 point). The essay attempts analysis in the next to the last paragraph but only analyzes the Han: â€Å"Due to their lack of a devout religion, China was able to assimilate the Huns when they began to invade China. † There is no analysis of a comparison of Han and Mauryan/Gupta methods of political control. Sample: 3C Score: 3 There is no valid thesis because the essay attempts to show a difference between Han and Rome in terms of the Roman Republic, which is outside the time period. The essay only addresses similarities, not valid differences (1 point). The evidence is sufficient for the Han, but the only valid piece of evidence for Rome is the statement that â€Å"He [Augustus] defeated Cleopatra and Mark Anthony making sure that Rome is politically secured† (1 point). Most of the Roman evidence is prior to 31 B. C. E. and therefore did not earn credit. The essay has a valid direct comparison in the fourth paragraph: â€Å"The size of both empires was an issue that led to leaders ultimately losing political control of both empires† (1 point).  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. How to cite Ap World History 2010 Q3, Papers

Implications for Management Skill Development Resource

Question: Describe about the Implications for Management for Skill Development Resource. Answer: Thesis statement The article deals in examining the most critical challenges that majority of the chief executives have been facing in the industries. Strengths and weaknesses Strengths The thesis statement is strong enough which would be helping in determining the challenges related to the management, which could be helping in considering the way the human resource manager would be supporting the skill development. The statement requires the authors to encourage and facilitate the exchange, which is very critical in the current business environment. The statement also helps in identifying the advocating for change, encouragement of innovation, provisioning for change, and facilitation for the collective learning. The thesis has been emphasized on the continuing organizational needs of New Zealand for improving its effeiciency through repositioning the existing one through limited resources. The organizations are to repostion them through constrained resources. The thesis requires the authors to focus on the development of managers by taking part in the development processes for bridging internal and external boundaries (Hutchinson and Bosall 2014). Weaknesses The statement requires considering a major area, which deals in considering a complex environment related to the changing environment and technologies in the business environment. It is very critical to understand the technical aspects of the management strategies of the senior executives such that reason behind the success of the managers is heavily based on the aspects of managing people. These strategies are highly valuable, which involves better selection, job design, training and team building. Some of the jobs require being redundant wherein the entire organization or a part of it is required to be offshore or outsourced. In some other cases, the organizations are needed to be merged or disestablished. The authors in this scenario, are needed to put premium vision and skills of the senior managers. It is not only for the renewal of the organization but also for managerial hierarchy towards promoting substatiatuve, interactional and procedural equality. These decisions are taken by the organizational executives towards restructuring process of organizations. It assists in increasing the effectiveness of the organization through identifying the flaw in operation and taking necessary steps through restructuring. Thus, the statement requires covering a wider area concerning the capabilities of the senior executives in the organizations. Critique The statement is helpful in enabling the managers to identify the management capabilities, which they would be requiring for the proper management of the business activities in the organizations in New Zealand. The statement required the authors to implement an integrative approach across the three-business sectors viz., the public, and private and not for profit sector. The approach helped the authors to identify the three most critical challenges that most of the business executives face in the country, which included: (1) management of restitution and indecision, (2) management of stakeholders and partners, (3) management of employees and internal wealth. The authors have been able to link the critical challenges corresponding with the business sectors in their respective business environment (Hutchison and Boxall 2014). The first challenge faced is to manage the renewal and uncertainty, which comes through strong prominence of the chief executives in Private sectors. They are to adapt the constant changes in technology and marketing. The second challenge, which can be evidently found from the findings is to manage relationship with stakeholders and businesspartners (Huthicson and Boxall 2014). The third challenge, which can be identified from the survey is to manage people and internal resources. This implies a need to renew and implement changes in the business environment as identified in the article related to the management of people and internal resources. Analysis The thesis statement would be helping in determining the challenges related to the management, which could be helping in considering the way the human resource manager would be supporting the skill development. The statement also helps in encouraging and facilitating the exchange, which is very critical in the current business environment. The statement also helps in identifying the advocating for change, encouragement of innovation, provisioning for change, and facilitation for the collective learning. The thesis would allow the authors to conduct surveys on the senior executives of the organizations in New Zealand. The survey would be emphasizing on the ongoing need of the organizations in New Zealand to improve the efficiencies in order to reposition the existing one with the constrained resources. Key points The first theme identifies the management of renewal and uncertainty deals in developing taxonomy of leadership behaviors that required the capturing of the requirements of the leaders for facilitating to help their organizations perform better. The second theme identifies the issues related to the management of the relationships with the business partners and stakeholders. This theme would be reflecting shifts in the business environment. These three themes together would be helpful for the authors towards providing helpful stratig point to improve the managerial capabilities of organizations. These themes are especially degined for the context of New Zealands organizations (Hutchinson and Boxall 2014). The authors are thus, required to assess the existing capabilities of the chief executives and determine the challenges as evident in the business organizations in the country by implementing a proper diagnostic tool. The tool selected by the authors is the survey method, which had h elped them in conduction a diagnostic analysis on the challenges (Hutchison and Boxall 2014). The analytical capabilities of the authors have enabled them in gaining a proper understanding of the development priorities related to each of the three themes. The analysis aimed at providing solutions the mangers such that they could be able to tackle the challenges within the business environment in an efficient manner. The qualitative data as collected by the authors in the article also helps in providing effective solutions for these chief executives, which could help them in handling the challenges as reveled from the quantities data, in an efficient way in the future (Hutchison and Boxall 2014). Evidence The analysis of the quantitative data being collected in the survey, as conducted by the authors, reveals that the managers in the private sectors are thinking to implement a strategy that could form a trade off while trying to meet with the needs of the community and achieve the missions of their respective organizations as well. The mangers are constantly required to tackle the impact of the economic environment on the costs and revenue. Considering the nonprofit organizations, the data reveals that the growth in the requirements of the communities owing to the growing poverty and ageing population. The analysis of the qualitative data reveals that the mangers have been finding difficulties in managing the regulators (Hutchison and Boxall 2014). Comparing the overall results from the two sectors reveals that there are broad similarities in the fact that all the chief executives have been adjusting to an economic environment, which is challenging. Moreover, they have been sensitive to the fragility of the support from the stakeholder in this challenging environment. They also face war for talent owing to the wave of retirements of the baby-boomer (Hutchison and Boxall 2014). However, the overall pattern seemed to be more externally focused in the private sector. Use and understanding of concepts According to Jensen et al. (2014), chief executives of the private sector are required to emphasize on the need to win the support of the financing agencies. In addition, the public and not for profit executives are required to engage in continuing the traditional funding sources. According to Mergel and Desouza (2013), the chief executives in the private sector are more into the implementation of the business model such that to reinvent the same for getting a more profitable outcome. As postulated by Esteve et al. (2012), the overall pattern in there public and nonprofit organizations are internally focused in comparison to the same in the private organizations where it is externally focused. Thus, the managers in the private organizations are backing for more financial ideas whereas in the public and nonprofit organizations, they are concerned more in adjusting with the constrained finding base and tradeoffs in expenditure. According to Kor and Mesko (2013), to nurture management t alent and enable the chief executives to develop skills for managing the business environment, they are required to identify, design, and support the system and processes that could enable them ion managing the talent in the business environment. Conclusion The authors in their article have illustrated the importance of the management capabilities in New Zealand. The first challenge of managing the uncertainty and renewal requires the combination of understanding of the present environmental context with the leadership research. The second challenge, which can ve evidently found from the findings is the problem associated with managing relationship with business partners and stakeholders. Apart from that, the third challenge, which has been identified from the findings is realted to management of internal resources and employees. The above were the three categories, which pose major challenges for the chief executives in the organizations. The qualitative data as collected by the authors in the article also helps in providing solutions for these chief executives such that they could be handling the challenges as reveled from the quantities data, in an efficient way in the future. References Esteve, M., Boyne, G., Sierra, V. and Ysa, T., 2012. Organizational collaboration in the public sector: do chief executives make a difference?.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, p.mus035. Hutchison, A. and Boxall, P., 2014. The critical challenges facing New Zealand's chief executives: implications for management skills.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,52(1), pp.23-41. Jensen, K., Scott, R.J., Slocombe, L., Boyd, R. and Cowey, L., 2014. The management and organisational challenges of more joined-up government: New Zealands Better Public Services reforms. Kor, Y.Y. and Mesko, A., 2013. Dynamic managerial capabilities: Configuration and orchestration of top executives' capabilities and the firm's dominant logic.Strategic Management Journal,34(2), pp.233-244. Mergel, I. and Desouza, K.C., 2013. Implementing open innovation in the public sector: The case of Challenge. gov.Public administration review,73(6), pp.882-890.

Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 Essay Example

Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 Essay â€Å"Romantic Ireland’s dead and gone, It’s with O’Leary in the grave. † Discuss ways in which Yeats presents the Romantic in ‘September 1913’. Yeats presents the Romantic in ‘September 1913’ in such a way that it is no longer there, but also that there is a chance for the Romantic to be saved and brought back to Ireland. â€Å"Yeats saw literature and politics as intertwined,† Yeats used ‘September 1913’ as a political, as well as cultural, message to get across his views on the state of Ireland and its culture. ‘September 1931’ cane be said to be a response to mercenary employers who locker their workers out in the General Strike of 1913. It could also refer to the refusal of commercial interests to support Yeats’ appeal for money to build an art gallery to house the Lane Collection. Yeats makes explicit links between his political and cultural concerns. I believe that by ‘Romantic Ireland’ Yeats meant an Ireland that is not dominated by power and money. A critic wrote of Yeats that â€Å"For him ‘Romantic Ireland’ meant that large-minded attitude beyond the mere calculation of economic or political advantage that he saw in the present,† This attitude for Yeats was incarnated in his sometime Fenian mentor John O’Leary. John O’Leary (1830-1907) a dignified and well-read man represented Yeats’ vision of the ideal romantic nationalist. We will write a custom essay sample on Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He was a Fenian who introduced Yeats to Irish writing in translation and also taught him that â€Å"there is no fine nationality without literature, and†¦ the converse also, that there is no fine literature without nationality,† The first stanza of ‘September 1913’ focuses on the pursuit of money. â€Å"But fumble in a greasy till. And add the halfpence to the pence. Yeats is talking about the employers in their relentless pursuit of money, and how they are petty for being interested in such a small amount of money. This creates an image of Ireland that is negative, where Ireland is dominated by power and greed. This use of imagery reinforces Yeats’ point that â€Å"Romantic Irelands dead and gone†. Yeats then links money to religion and how their beliefs are a false front, â€Å"And prayer to shivering prayer,† Prayer should be warm if genuine, so use of the word â€Å"shivering† implies that they are doing it out of fear, or perhaps even desperation to further their own gain and wealth. The last two lines are the first time we see use of the word Romantic, â€Å"Romantic Irelands dead and gone, Its with O’Leary in the grave. † Yeats strongly believed in Irish culture and folklore and here he admits that they have been lost in the minds of the people. The second stanza immediately changes tone, becoming retrospective. â€Å"Yet they were of a different kind, The names that stilled your childish play,† Yeats believes that merchants have forgotten their origins, as if they are playing pretend just as children do. Yeats then writes how Irish Patriots have become known around the world, â€Å"They have gone about the world like wind,† Yeats could also mean that even thought they are dead and buried, their beliefs and messages are still remembered by people around the world, and also in Ireland. Yeats foreshadows the death of the Patriots, which is the focus of the next stanza. â€Å"For whom the hangman’s rope was spun,† Using the words â€Å"hangman’s rope† creates a strong visual image of death and sacrifice. This use of imagery is to remind the people of Ireland what was sacrificed in an attempt to resurrect Romantic Ireland. Yeats the bitterly comments on what the Patriots achieved, that their sacrifice was possibly in vain. â€Å"And what, God help us, could they save? † At the beginning of the third stanza, Yeats mentions the Irish soldiers. â€Å"Was it for this the wild geese spread† After the penal Laws of 1691 prevented many Irishmen serving in the British Army, Irish soldiers known as ‘Wild Geese’ served abroad in European Armies. Yeats then directly mentions the Irish Patriots. â€Å"For this that all that blood was shed, For this that Edward Fitzgerald died, and Robert Emmet and Wolfe Tone,† This is important to the presentation of Romantic in the poem, as Yeats would have seen the Patriots as a symbol of free Ireland, and therefore a symbol of Romantic Ireland. Yeats implies madness and idealism in the next line, suggesting that the Patriots were blinded by their ideals, â€Å"All that delirium of the brave? In the final stanza Yeats is regretful, that even though people laid down their lives, nothing was achieved. â€Å"They weighed so lightly what they gave† This refers to how people, such as the Irish Patriots Yeats saw as a symbol of Romantic Ireland, saw their lives as nothing compared to what they fought for. Overall Yeats presents the Romantic as gone, and that all the efforts were wasted and useless. He continues this through the first three stanzas, but then almost seems to change his mind in the last stanza. But let them be, they’re dead and gone, They’re with O’Leary in the grave. † It is as if Yeats is saying that even though the Patriots themselves are dead, their beliefs and ideals can be picked up and continued by a new generation of heroes. However it can also be said that Yeats has given up, after seeing how much was given to achieve so little, and that he believes that Romantic Ireland is truly lost and that there is no way to bring it back.

Consumer Behavior in South Korea and Australia

Consumer Behavior in South Korea and Australia Consumer behavior varies according to countries and markets. This paper will analyse the consumer behavior of two countries, and where they differ. The two countries to be analysed are South Korea and Australia. Culture influences the behavior of a given market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Consumer Behavior in South Korea and Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is a need to analyse a market before doing business in that market. Australia and South Korea are two countries that differ in culture. South Korea consumers are known to be homogeneous in character, and in the way they purchase products. This is evident, especially when it comes to food consumption. The specific products that will be analysed in this paper is that of cosmestic products that are used by women. Women have been using cosmetics since time immemorial to enhance their attractiveness. Attractive women are thought to be intelligent, socially acceptable, confident about themselves, and seem to have professional success. Women spend on cosmetics for mainly emotional reasons. They hope to avoid guilt of not paying attention to their looks. Women prefer cosmetic brands based on packaging, effectiveness on use and sensorial experiences like smell, smoothness or coolness (Majumdar, 2010). South Korea is estimated to be the biggest per capita market for cosmetics and cosmetic procedures. The figures stand at an astounding 20% between the ages of 19 and 49 in Seoul, who have gone through cosmetic surgery (plastic), laser hair removal and Botox (Botolinum Toxin Type A). This chemical is is injected into muscles and used to improve the look of moderate to severe frown lines between the eyebrows (Tyagi, Kumar, 2009).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Koreans are obsessed with these procedures. It is fou nd out that 16% of South Koreans go for surgery as compared to about 6.2% in Australia, meaning Koreans represent one among the highest numbers in the world. Reasons behind South Korea’s rise in cosmetic surgery specifically is the adoption of pop culture with the desire to look like popular celebrities like Michael Jackson. Australia, on the other hand, represents a different consumer market altogether. Women in Australia spend more because of brand loyalty, coupled with the fact that they perceive these products to be of high quality. Australia has been experiencing for the last few years a bit of decelerating economic growth like any western country which has greatly impacted of consumer spending. The working middle class population has been spending less because their disposable income has been coming down. In some industries, there has been lay offs due to low demand for their goods, whereas in some, workers have had to content with salary reduction to reduce the wage bi ll on company finances being squeezed every other day. Cosmetic consumers have had to reduce, therefore, to the bear minimum requirements or completely abandon expenditure, thus, become luxury in this market. Food and other basic necessities like servicing mortgage, medicine, and clothing have taken precedence (Samli, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Consumer Behavior in South Korea and Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the contrary, consumers of cosmetics in South Korea are growing every other day in numbers. The country has been experiencing double-digit growth in the GDP with the economy creating jobs. Companys have been posting improved profitability out of increased sales and high business turnover therefore able to higher more. Fourthermore, new industries are coming up, new trades increasese in public spending and, improved communication through all channels (phone, social media, general in ternet, mass media), whereby manufacturers have been able to reach more potential consumers via advertisements. Adverts, especially towards working class, upper middle and the affluent has been so intense so much so that even manufacturers are giving free gifts with some amount of purchase. This has greatly improved market penetration (Lake, 2009). References Lake, L 2009, Consumer behavior for dummies, John Wiley Sons, New York. Majumdar, H 2010, Consumer behavior: Insights from Indian Market. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Samli, AC 2006, International consumer behavior: Its impact on marketing strategy development, Greenwood Publishing Group, London.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tyagi, CL, Kumar, A 2009, Consumer behavior, Atlantic Publishers Distributors, Atlanta.

Business reaserch method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business reaserch method - Essay Example The main reason for developing nations’ need for donor aid is that they lack the funds to satisfy their budgetary requirements. The international community steps in to improve the conditions of such countries (Picard, 2008, 43). The decision to donate funds and other materials is made after the involved parties hold considerable consultations. After such negotiations and consultations, the parties reach an agreement, many times defining the specific purpose for which the funds would be provided and the method for managing these funds (Dang & Knack, 2010, 33). With increased donor aid withdrawal, most affected developing countries have continued to feel the effects of their vices, with some having to divert funds meant for development into tackling their more pressing issues (Cornell, 2007, 24). This paper shall investigate the effects of such withdrawals on developing countries, aside from highlighting the need for donor aid for developing countries, which face many challenges in various sectors. People hold different views on the matter of donor aid for developing countries, depending on their places of domicile and their experience with the essential issues that donor aid attempts to address. Some individuals from Western countries regard donor aid as a waste of resources, since they do not see the effect that such donations, which have been in place for more than 100 years, have had on the economies of most developing countries (Independent, n.d.,n.p.). They see it as an avenue for the elite from poor countries to enrich themselves at the expense of the poor, for whom such funds are sought. There are multiple forms of aid from developed to developing countries, depending on the issue of concern. Some of the forms in which donor aid is given include food assistance, humanitarian emergency assistance and military assistance among others (Easterly, 2008, 25). The main aim of donating to developing countries is to

Extra credits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Extra credits - Essay Example Dith Pran had suffered a great deal for approximately four years before he was able to escape to a refugee camp. Here he was later rescued and reunited with his friend Schanberg. The evacuation from Saigon led to clearing of and falls in Phnom Penh paved way for a more ruthless Khmer Rouge that led to the ruthless genocide in which a lot of people lost their lives (Dawn, Remsing, Hmong Folklore). The film tried to preserve the historical accuracy and ideologies and the portrayal of events as they happened. A lot is learned from the film, even though, the producers skipped some issues that occurred. They try to keep the most important issues like cultures to give the film the touch of Cambodia setting and portray the genocide picture in a clear way especially when panic and desperation arises when violence breaks out. This is an American film that talks about Hmong American community and a retired auto worker Walt Kowalski. Kowalski is a lonely man since his children do not really care about him. In addition, the neighbours he was used to had moved to other places and others passed away and misplaced by Hmong immigrants from Southeast Asia who he hated so much. His life was a quiet one until someone tried to still his Gran Torino. From this event, a young man called Thao is introduced to Walt’s life when his gang forces him to go and steal Walt’s Gran Torino. However, he was caught red-handed, and Walt decided not to shoot him. When Thao’s mother and sister Sue discover what Thao had planned to do they forced him to work for Walt as a way of apologising, he was forced to do odd jobs. This relationship of Walt and Thao lead to the change of their lives. They treated each other as a family to a point where Walt includes Thao in his will leaving him the Gran Torino in a condition that he will never try to modify it in any way. He also

Bram Stoker's Dracula Compared to Mary Shelly's Frankenstein Essay

Bram Stoker's Dracula Compared to Mary Shelly's Frankenstein - Essay Example aim being awarded to Shelley, who pioneered in brining a literary concept to light, which was initially an unchartered territory for most authors as she combined elements of Goth and Horror with that of science fiction. Although, Dracula and Frankenstein are essentially from the same genre with some overlapping themes, but the concept and the depiction of themes contain some stark dissimilarity as well. The substance of this prose will delve into each of the aspects one by one: Dracula and Frankenstein both entailed a similar theme about life, death and resurrection. Both creatures possess a strong fascination for the human world, which drives Frankenstein to read books by eminent authors, whereas Dracula reads English magazines to gain a deeper understanding of the human world. This is the prime reason as to why both Dracula and Frankenstein are known to have sophisticated intellect and are capable of making conversation on any subject, which adds to Dracula’s charisma in the society, but doesn’t help Frankenstein’s case because of his horrifying appearance. In fact the monster created by Frankenstein had grown miserable of his life and expressed it in the following words: â€Å"Cursed, cursed creator! Why did I live? Why, in that instant, did I not extinguish the spark of existence which you had so wantonly bestowed? I know not; despair had not yet taken possession of me; my feelings were those of rage and revenge† (Shelley, 2004, p. 137) Moreover, the stories are centered on the same theme that involves a group of men trying to eliminate a monster that is nothing but scourge for the society. Besides the character, the literary technique used to project the story is also quite similar as both authors wrote their novels in an epistolary form; in simpler word, the story is told through the correspondences of the main characters with each other. However, it is a clear indication that the entire story is told from a one-sided perspective of the protagonist

The Effects of recession on PepsiCo

The Effects of recession on PepsiCo In the recession time period you can consider to all companies in recline stage even some companies are gaining profit and their profits are also infected by the overall recession. Here I am going to do start my work on PepsiCo, its sale is infected by the competitors. Specially Coca Cola broken its sale and demand in the market. Cola Colas best strategy that they introduced some new products in the market with modern marketing techniques and its the reason that Pepsis demand fell down and people intend to buy Coca Colas products most frequently. Pepsis maximum products are not frequently available at all regions. Why marketing plan is necessary? It is necessary because, boost your business and cover different issues with respect to service , branding, and product line. Market plan use for both businesses who are already exists in the market and a new business that is going to start. Marketing planning can be contains one year tenure or sometime it takes 5 years time period. Variety of actions are included in the marketing plan so every action takes much time to cover all the issues, for example situation analysis, SWOT analysis, marketing objectives and issues, marketing strategy, action items, financial budgets and forecasts, controls etc. Marketing strategy is the base of a well written plan. In this Essay I am going to discuss on PepsiCos marketing plan specially what methods and actions can boost up PepsiCo products while its competitor Coca Cola selling products frequently in the market and its marketing technique is more powerful rather than PepsiCo. In short the main purpose of marketing plan is boost your companies sale, create a centre of attention to new customers and maintain old customers using the latest marketing trends. There are several declining products in the market. Marketing is a big factor in the promotion of any product. I have seen an example in Pakistan there one company was advertised on television before to launch their product in the market. Infact that was advertisement of milk, a blank white paper box was in the advertisement and it was showing that something is coming. After few days they played their final advertisement with the proper product name and finally they launched their product in the market. There are already running milk products like Nestle, Haleeb but this new product was Olpers tetra pack milk. In short its very difficult to launch a new product in the market if you have not advertise through any media. The first benefit of advertised product is that people demand product by itself and stockers and suppliers providing products on public demand rather than a non advertised product difficult to sale and shopkeepers and customers are not easily agree to buy that product, a lot of effort is require to sale new product in the market without advertisement. History of PepsiCo In 1883 Pepsi was introduced by Caleb Braham. Pepsis first name when it was launched Brads Drink in New Bern, North Carolina. Caleb Braham who made Pepsi at his pharmacy where the drink was sold. Later Brads Drink changed into Pepsi Cola. The digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nuts used in the recipe. Celeb Braham sought to create a fountain drink that was delicious and would aid in digestion and boost energy. Pepsi was launched after Coca Cola or coke. It was cheaper than Coca Cola when it was launched initially, at that it was popular as poor mans cola. After that Pepsi was taken a good marketing strategy that in the advertisement Pepsi employed to celebrities. First celebrity was Barney Oldfield, the pioneer for automobile racing. Sodas are most frequently used items. Mostly sodas are delicious, they stand between liquor and juice. Those who are too young to drink beer but think fruit juice is too juvenile can order sodas. Those too old and are putting their health at risk by drinking hard drinks can enjoy soft drinks and no one would think any less of them. Sodas have a mass appeal therefore people most demand it, especially in the summer season when you feel thrust often people demand cold soda for kill thrust. In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of  syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1909, automobile race pioneer  Barney Oldfield  was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as A bully drinkrefreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race. The advertising theme Delicious and Healthful was then used over the next two decades. In 1926, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905. In 1929, the logo was changed again. In 1931, at the depth of the  Great Depression, the Pepsi-Cola Company entered bankruptcy in large part due to financial losses incurred by speculating on wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a result of  World War I. Assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark. Eight years later, the company went bankrupt again. Pepsis assets were then purchased by  Charles Guth, the President of Loft Inc. Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace  Coca-Cola  at his stores fountains after Coke refused to give him a discount on syrup. Guth then had Lofts chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula. On three separate occasions between 1922 and 1933, the Coca-Cola Company was offered the opportunity to purchase the Pepsi-Cola company and it declined on each occasion. In 1965, Pepsi employed another marketing strategy which was company expansion. They merged with Frito-Lay, the most popular snack brand in the world. PepsiCo was formed. Pepsi took care of the beverages while Frito-lay manned the snacks. In 1966, PepsiCo settled into the Eastern European and Japanese markets. They also introduced new products; Diet Pepsi and Mountain Dew. Here below I am showing the most popular brands that are available at different location of the world. Pepsis Most popular products and brands: (Something for everyone) Question 1: Produce a Marketing Plan Write a marketing plan for the declining product you have analyzed using an appropriate framework. Situation Analysis Company Analysis Company gaining profit day by day. It is the second most demanded soda drink company in the whole world. Pepsi launched some new products in the market and increased its sale and annual profit. Problem is there, people are not fully aware about new products and new products are not present in all locations therefore there is need to provide new products on all locations. Especially in Asian countries like Pakistan and India all products of PepsiCo are not available. Company Goal: Ensure high levels of associate engagement and satisfaction compared with other Fortune 500 companies. Foster diversity and inclusion by developing a workforce that reflects local communities. Encourage our associates to lead healthier lives by offering workplace wellness programs globally. Ensure a safe workplace by continuing to reduce lost time injury rates, while striving to improve other occupational health and safety metrics through best practices. Support ethical and legal compliance through annual training in our code of conduct, which outlines PepsiCos unwavering commitment to its human rights policy, including treating every associate with dignity and respect. Pepsi Culture: We have a fundamental belief that people hold the key to PepsiCos success. We are known as an academy company, a place where people grow and business leaders develop. Strengths: Pepsi has a broader product line and outstanding reputation. Merger of Quaker Oats produced synergy across the board. Record revenues and increasing market share. Lack of capital constraints (availability of large free cash flow). Great brands, strong distribution, innovative capabilities. Number one maker of snacks, such as corn chips and potato chips. PepsiCo sells three products through the same distribution channel.   For example, combining the production capabilities of Pepsi, Gatorade and Tropicana is a big opportunity to reduce costs, improve efficiency and smooth out the impact of seasonal fluctuations in demand for particular product. Weaknesses: Pepsi hard to inspire vision and direction for large global company. Not all PepsiCo products bear the company name. PepsiCo is far away from leader Coca-cola in the international market demand is highly elastic. Customer Analysis: Pepsi covered a huge market, proximately more than 80 million people are involved in buying their products. Pepsi spending power is proximately $600 million annually. 90 percent parents say kids influence what they buy. Many work and have their own money to spend. They have proven to be brand loyal. Mostly 12 to 21 years people are in target market. How to reach Generation Y ? Creates promotions tailored to youngster needs and interests. Gen Yers like entertainment and music. They like to laugh, but not at anothers expense. To attract the teen market radio and television should be used. They are internet savvy. What does generation Y like? Free stuff and discounts. Contests and Drawings. Club cards. Music. Team sporting events. They are into clothes and the latest styles. Teen friendly retail stores and internet site. Pepsi and Generation Y: Pepsi targets generation Y specifically. Current campaigns use effective techniques. By targeting 12 to 21 years olds, Pepsi is attempting to establish loyal Pepsi drinker for life and the largest group of soft drink consumers. Past Advertising Campaigns: Michael Jackson received the biggest sponsorship from a company in 1983. In 1993 Pepsi had a search for Michael Jackson campaign. Used musical and sex appeal. Jeff Gordon made a commercial with Hallie Eisenberg. Sells many Pepsi collectable merchandise. Drove the Pepsi car in races. Hallie Eisenberg First appeared in a Pepsi commercial in 1998 at stage 5. Introduced the Joy of Cola campaign. Starred in commercials with Faith Hill, Kiss, and Ken Griffey Jr. Her commercials used humour. Spice Girls Promotional single Move Over available only through Pepsi. Used musical and sex appeal. As international stars they affected many countries. Britany Spears February 6, 2001 Britny signed a contract with Pepsi (between $40 and $100 million). The campaign includes: 2 television commercials. Billboards. Magazines. Point of purchase. Pepsi holds a co-sponsorship of her upcoming worldwide tour. Wyclef Jean and Pepsi: A more targeted market within Gen Y: inner city urban trendsetters (12 to 21 years old). The Campaign includes: 2 TV commercials featuring Wyclef. (1st commercial premiered April 16th, 2001). Print ads. Radio promotions. Sports and fashion tie.ins. Sampling. Pepsi is Wyclefs sponsor for his 2001 tour. Pepsi challenge. Type A and Type B Celebrities: Type A celebrity = one that is well known and well liked by their target market. Example ( Britney Spears and Michael Jackson) Type B Celebrity = one that is known by their target market. Example: Bob Dole and Hallie Eisenburg Music: Music is part of brand equity. Ongoing theme and easily associated with current generation of 12 to 21 year olds. Humor: Use of humorous celebrities. Put music celebrities into situation not normally seen. Sex appeal: Sex appeal is not only an attention getter with the current generation, but is also becoming more socially acceptable in the advertising directed toward them. Competitor Analysis: Market Position Coca Cola is number one cola product in all over the world. Coca Colas marketing strategy is most powerful and effective. Maximum market coverage has been done by Coca Cola. Its the result that its annual sale and profit is more than PepsiCo. Strengths Coca-Cola has strong brand recognition across the globe. The company has a leading brand value and a strong brand portfolio. Business-Week and Interbrand, a branding consultancy, recognize. Coca-Cola as one of the leading brands in their top 100 global brands ranking in 2006.The Business Week-Interbrand valued Coca-Cola at $67,000 million in 2006. Coca-Cola ranks well ahead of its close competitor Pepsi which has a ranking of 22 having a brand value of $12,690 million Furthermore, Coca-Cola owns a large portfolio of product brands. The company owns four of the top five soft drink brands in the world: Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta. Strong brands allow the company to introduce brand extensions such as Vanilla Coke, Cherry Coke and Coke with Lemon. Over the years, the company has made large investments in brand promotions. Consequently, Coca-cola is one of the best recognized global brands. The companys strong brand value facilitates customer recall and allows Coca-Cola to pene trate new markets and consolidate existing ones. Weakness Negative publicity: The company received negative publicity in India during September 2006.The company was accused by the Center for Science and Environment (CSE) of selling products containing pesticide residues. Coca-Cola products sold in and around the Indian national capital region contained a hazardous pesticide residue. These pesticides included chemicals which could cause cancers, damage the nervous and reproductive systems and reduce bone mineral density. Such negative publicity could adversely impact the companys brand image and the demand for Coca-Cola products. This could also have an adverse impact on the companys growth prospects in the international markets. Sluggish performance in North America Coca-Colas performance in North America was far from robust. North America is Coca-Colascore market generating about 30% of total revenues during fiscal 2006. Therefore, a strong performance in North America is important for the company. North America the sale of unit cases did not record any growth. Unit case retail volume in North America decreased 1% primarily due to weak sparkling beverage trends in the second half of 2006 and decline in the warehouse-delivered water and juice businesses. Moreover, the company also expects performance in North America to be weak during 2007. Sluggish performance in North America could impact the companys future growth prospects and prevent Coca-Cola from recording a more robust top-line growth. Decline in cash from operating activities The companys cash flow from operating activities declined during fiscal 2006. Cash flows from operating activities decreased 7% in 2006 compared to 2005. Net cash provided by operating activities reached $5,957 million in 2006, from $6,423 million in 2005. Coca-Colas cash flows from operating activities in 2006 also decreased compared with 2005 as a result of a contribution of approximately $216 million to a tax-qualified trust to fund retiree medical benefits. The decrease was also the result of certain marketing accruals recorded in 2005. PEST Introduction PEST Analysis is more useful when any company want to expand its business at new place or want to enter in the new countries. Main purpose is that get adjustment and business feasibility on new place. PEST analysis is a tactic that classifies effects of environment as political, economic, social, and technological features. Study of the PEST analysis method and examples related to this technique is beneficial for the development of any organization. Often the factors of legal and environment are included to modify the term to PESTLE analysis. PEST analysis ensures that the organization functioning is in accordance with the dominant influential change forces that may affect the environment of business. With getting example of Pepsi expend its business with introducing some new products in the market. So every product needs to get PEST analysis before to launch in the market. Why? Because of these factors; Political, Economic, social, technology. In the Political they need to watch that is there sustainable government in the country. What rules and regulations government announced for business industries. What policies government announced for the control of business. Government direction regarding marketing ethics and for the point of view of consumer protection. Government economic policies. How much government has influence on religion and culture. what involvement government has in trade agreements. What laws govt announced for employment and any industry. In the Economic there are several economic factors that need to be consider with respect to your business. Because these factors may be the cause of failure of any product of industry. Like Inflation, rate of interest, Per capita income, Gross domestic product, rate of exchange, economic progress trend, Economic progress trend, rate of exchange, production level, Consumer confidence and its affect on aggregate demand. So these factors directly hit on the progress of any product and it has directly relation with any business or any kind of product that is going to launch in the market. With respect to Pepsi, Pepsi has many talented and expert brains for using these kind of tools. Social factors plays a vital role in the running of any business. So there is need to be examined these factors with carefully. Social:  The social factors influence the business at various levels, and need to be carefully examined. These factors are:  · Leading religion.  · Attitude towards foreign goods and services.  · Influence of language on use of products in the markets.  · Time available with the consumers for leisure.  · Role of women and men in the society.  · Opinion of people on green issues.  · Demographics of the population.  · Lifestyle, education, health, fashion trends, earning capacity Technology:  Technology is commonly identified as an essential element of the organization since it is a useful tool for the attainment of market advantage. Technology can be used, and this is affected by government support. Technological advancement can produce new industries, and also provides valuable input to service and manufacturing industries. The following are important features in this regard: Does technology permit the manufacture of products at economical rates, without compromising quality? Do the technologies present original products, like mobile telephone,  internet banking, the purchase of books through internet, etc. Modern communication channels, like  Customer Relationship Management, banners, etc PEST Analysis of Pepsi The PEST analysis method has been successfully applied by  Pepsi, which has obtained economic advantage in its industry. The PEST analysis method and examples specific to Pepsi are seen in the following factors: Political: The manufacture, delivery, and use of numerous Pepsi products are subject to many federal regulations, like the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. The business is also governed by government and foreign rules. The international business is subjected to the political stability. Economic: The products of Pepsi are influenced by the raw material yield being used in the soft drinks, juices, etc.  All distribution is affected by the cost of fuel. Operations in international markets involve the study of unpredictable changes in foreign exchange rate. The economic impacts of such movements are serious because these affect the growth. Pepsi is also subjected to availability of energy, supply of money, business cycles, etc. Social: Lifestyle has great influence on the use of Pepsi products, and their advertisements are designed accordingly. Introduction of Pepsi products in the international market requires an in depth study of the local social structure. Technology: Pepsi is influenced by the modern manufacturing techniques applicable to their business divisions of soft drinks, juices, and snack food. Pepsi has to focus on the latest distribution techniques, and other technological advances in their industry References PEST analysis. Guide on How to Write University Essays and Dissertations. http://university-essays.tripod.com/pest_pestel_pestle_lepest_analysis.html (accessed December 24, 2010). PEST Analysis. Marketing Teacher. http://marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-pest.html (accessed December 24, 2010). PEST Analysis. Net MBA Business Knowledge Center. http://www.netmba.com/strategy/pest/ (accessed December 24, 2010). Swot Analysis Of Pepsi Co. Strength Pepsi has a broader product line and outstanding reputation. Merger of Quaker Oats produced synergy across the board. Record revenues and increasing market share. Lack of capital constraints (availability of large free cash flow). Great brands, strong distribution, innovative capabilities   Number one maker of snacks, such as corn chips and potato chips PepsiCo sells three products through the same distribution channel.   For example, combining the production capabilities of Pepsi, Gatorade and Tropicana is a big opportunity to reduce costs, improve efficiency and smooth out the impact of seasonal fluctuations in demand for particular product. Weakness Pepsi hard to inspire vision and direction for large global company. Not all PepsiCo products bear the company name. PepsiCo is far away from leader Coca-cola in the international market demand is highly elastic. Opportunity Food division should expand internationally. Noncarbonated drinks are the fastest-growing part of the industry There are increasing trend toward healthy foods   Focus on most important customer trend Convenience. Threats FB industry is mature. Pepsi is blamed for pesticide residues in their products in one of their most promising emerging market e.g in India. Over 50 percent of the companys sales come from Frito-Lay; this is a threat if the market takes a downturn. PepsiCo now competes with Cadbury Schweppes, Coca-Cola, and Kraft foods (because of broader product line) which are well-run and financially sound competitors.   Size of company will demand a varied marketing program; Social, cultural, economic, political and governmental constrains. Strategies The purpose of the strategy is to increase the EPS by 15% per annum and increase PepsiCos stock price. There are two ways to increase the EPS, first is to increase the income and second to decrease the amount of stocks outstanding. To increase the income, there are Bases for Consumer Market Segmentation There are number of variables involved in  consumer market segmentation, alone and in combination. These variables are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Geographic variables à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Demographic variables à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Psychographic variables à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Behavioral variables Geographic Segmentation In geographical segmentation, market is divided into different geographical units like: Regions (by country, nation, state, neighborhood) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Population Density (Urban, suburban, rural) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ City size (Size of area, population size and growth rate) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Climate (Regions having similar climate pattern) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Regions (by country, nation, state, neighborhood) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Population Density (Urban, suburban, rural) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ City size (Size of area, population size and growth rate) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Climate (Regions having similar climate pattern) A company, either serving a few or all geographic segments, needs to put attention on variability of geographic needs and wants. After segmenting consumer market on geographic bases, companies localize their marketing efforts (product, advertising, promotion and sales efforts). Demographic Segmentation In demographic segmentation, market is divided into small segments based on demographic variables like: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Age à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Gender à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Income à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Occupation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Education à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Social Class à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Generation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Family size à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Family life cycle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Home Ownership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Religion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ethnic group/Race à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Nationality Demographic factors are most important factors for segmenting the customers groups. Consumer needs, wants, usage rate these all depend upon demographic variables. So, considering demographic factors, while defining marketing strategy, is crucial. Psychographic Segmentation In Psychographic Segmentation, segments are defined on the basis of social class, lifestyle and personality characteristics. Psychographic variables include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Interests à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Opinions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Personality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Self Image à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Activities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Attitudes A segment having demographically grouped consumers may have different psychographic characteristics. Behavioral Segmentation In this segmentation market is divided into segments based on consumer knowledge, attitude, use or response to product. Behavioral variables include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Usage Rate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Product benefits à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Brand Loyalty à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Price Consciousness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Occasions (holidays like mothers day, New Year and Eid) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ User Status (First Time, Regular or Potential) Behavioral segmentation is considered most favorable segmentation tool as it uses those variables that are closely related to the product itself. Bases for Business Market Segmentation Business market can be segmented on the bases consumer market variables but because of many inherent differences like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Businesses are few but purchase in bulk à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Evaluate in depth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Joint decisions are made Business market might be segmented on the bases of following variables: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Company Size: what company sizes should we serve? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Industry: Which industry to serve? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Purchasing approaches: Purchasing-function organization, Nature of existing relationships, purchase policies and criteria. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Situational factors: seasonal trend, urgency: should serve companies needing quick order deliver, Order: focus on large orders or small. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Geographic: Regional industrial growth rate, Customer concentration, and international macroeconomic factors Marketing Mix Price, Place, Product and Promotion Remember that you are working with an existing company that has set objectives and missions. You will need to align your product to the companys objectives. Please be sure to include a sample of advertising (using a medium or media of your choice) which supports your plan. Sponsoring to different charity shows, arranging different musical concerts sponsor by Pepsi, awarding shows like best performance awards to different actors sponsor by Pepsi. It gives good impact on the peoples mind. I often seen that some cricket matches or sports sponsored by the Pepsi. Lot of ways which you can boost your product and give challenge to your competitor. In short I would like to give preference to advertise by media, because media is now everywhere, TV channels, Radios, Newspapers, Magazines and much more. YouTube is big bank and now few advertisement are on YouTube. Pepsi needs to introduce some of its new products and their advertisement on YouTube. Last night I listen some famous songs on YouTube and before to start song an advertisement of company was there, like Cashforphones.co.uk advertisement was on YouTube. Everyone is not visiting Pepsis website and everyone is not fully aware with the Pepsis products. Therefore there is need to give awareness to people during their activities, like during watching TV or sitting on internet, means we need to find the things in which people most frequently come and use and there we need to give advertisement of products. After get awareness of products people will automatically demand on selling points that we need Pepsis products. Retailers, wholesalers and everyone (supply chain) will maintain that new products at their locations because of public demand of that product. Conclusion The Pepsi-Cola drink was invented in 1898 and grew basically by following the Coca-Cola marketing, product, and distribution strategies. Like Coca-Cola it advertised as heavily as finances permitted, and was distributed through soda fountains and franchised bottlers. Assessing Pepsis marketing strategies; It is clear that Pepsi has made several right choices. With the existence of Coke, Pepsi took advantage of their late entry into the market by lowering their prices. Before it entered the international market, it first familiarized its customers with its product thoroughly in its home base. By the time Pepsi was ready to enter the international market, it had a good grasp of what its target audience really is. In conclusion, Pepsis marketing strategies, from past to present included: enhancing their distribution system, knowing the environment of the foreign market and finding the things their target buyers had in common, adding new innovations and products while improving the old products, imaginative advertising, use of advanced technology, assertive promotions , trendy, socially-aware campaigns, alliances with major corporations and expansion into other industries such as restaurants. Even Pepsis response. So, n effect , Coca- Colas massive fame has also rubbed off on its rival. It even isolated these two beverage companies from other soft drink brands.

The Cyclooxygenase-2 Essay -- Health, Diseases

The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which promote cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis, and inhibit apoptosis. Unlike COX-1, which is constitutively expressed isoform, COX-2 is an inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase and which may participate in inflammatory responses and contribute to inflammation and cancersthe development of colorectal cancer as well as other human cancers (1). COX-2 is not detectable detected in most normal tissues. However, it but is rapidly induced when stimulated by in response to mitogens, cytokines and tumor promoters, which leads to the leading to increased accumulation of prostanoids in neoplastic and inflamed tissues (2). COX-2 is highly expressed at high levels in intestinal tumors in rodents and humans (1). For example, Mmore than 80% of all colorectal tumors were shown to overexpress COX-2 (3-5). Epidemiologic studies have shown that taking aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-i nflammatory drugs on a regular basis could reduce mortality from colorectal cancer by 40-50% compared with those who not taking these drugs (1). One characteristic shared by all of these drugs is their ability to inhibit COX activity and/or expression (1). Although COX-2 is expressed in 80-90% of human colon carcinoma specimens, not all colorectal cancer cell lines constitutively expressed COX-2. Constitutive expression of COX-2 was only detected in a relatively small number of established colorectal carcinoma cell lines (6). For example, human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, HCT116 and SW480, have been described as COX-2 negative, since they did not express COX-2, neither at mRNA nor at protein level (7). COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) ... ...t as well as when the conditioned medium will be collected, with multiple parameters in which not only COX-2 mRNA and protein as well as PGE2 levels will be observed, but also other relevant molecular markers or factors like those mentioned above. Not only paradoxical observations of COX-2 expression and the functional activity in human colon cancer cell line have been documented, the role of PGE2 on inflammation seems also paradoxical. Although PGE2 is a potent mediator of inflammation (55), it was suggested that PGE2, endogenous COX products, also inhibit acute allergic inflammation (56). Thus, PGE2 may produce both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects (57). More extensive well-designed experiments are needed to help us to unveil the secret of COX-2 expression and the functional activity as well as their roles in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

Nobel Prize Winner: James Watson

Among the most notable and controversial Nobel Prize recipients is James Watson. He, together with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, was awarded the Nobel Prize in the year 1962 in the Physiology or Medicine category. He is one of the scientists who discovered the molecular structure of the DNA which is hailed as one of the great breakthroughs in the field of Sciences.James Dewey Watson was born on April 6, 1928 in Chicago, Illinois. In his early life, he was said to be fond of bird-gazing together with his father. When he was 12 years old, he was part of the famous radio show entitled Quiz Kids, a game which challenged young students to a quiz contest. At the age of 15, Watson entered the University of Chicago with the help of the then liberal policy of Robert Hutchins, the University president. In 1946, his interest in the field of science changed from his former concern on ornithology to genetics after he had read What Is Life? by Erwin Schrodinger. In 1947, he received his Bache lor’s degree in Zoology from the same university.Among Watson’s foremost influences was Salvador Luria, also a Nobel Prize winner. He was engrossed to the latter’s work which exposed him on the nature of genetic mutations. In the first months of 1948, Watson started to pursue his Ph.D. research at Indiana University at Luria’s laboratory. He was able to meet with another Nobel Prize recipient Max Delbruck. Delbruck and Luria were the pioneers of the Phage Group, a movement of geneticists who underwent studies and researches on microbial genetics.Eventually, Watson was also able to work with the group as a working scientist. His experience with the Phage group opened up his scientific knowledge on the nature and structure of genes. In order to develop his knowledge about the components of a gene, he took a course with another scientist Feliz Haurowitz in 1949 in which he was able to gain the conventional views on genes such as genes were proteins and vice versa; that genes have the capacity to replicate themselves; and other scientific data about the DNA.But through with all those knowledge, Watson was also fascinated with the work of Oswald Avery explaining that DNA was indeed the genetic molecule. Towards his doctoral studies, he underwent X-rays researches which attempted to de-motivate bacterial viruses. In 1950, he received his Ph.D. in Zoology at Indiana University.To be able to enhance more his knowledge on genetics and genetic composition, Watson went to Europe to pursue a postdoctoral study. He stayed at the laboratory in Copenhagen owned by a biochemist named Herman Kalckar whose studies were also linked with the nucleic acids. Through his stay with Kalckar’s laboratory, he was able to conduct experiments with another member of the Phage group, Ole Maaloe.The latter’s studies and researches were concerned on the DNA and the earlier supposition that it is the genetic molecule. In a meeting in Italy where he acc ompanied Kalckar, he met Maurice Wilkins who was also a devoted geneticist. In an event, Wilkins had shown Watson an X-ray diffraction data for DNA (which was originally worked out by Rosalind Franklin). After seeing the X-ray, he came to a conclusion that DNA had a distinct structure. Watson attempted to discover this through his experimental research done in different universities.Watson came to a decision to be familiar with performing X-ray diffraction experiments for the reason that such undertaking would lead him to a more probable and easier discovery of the DNA structure (He was inspired by Linus Pauling who was able to publish the protein alpha helix model with his unremitting efforts in undergoing X-ray experiments on molecular model.In 1951, Watson, together with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, started to work out a series of experimental researches using Franklin’s X-ray findings on DNA structure. A controversy was said to occur during the period of experimenta l researches among Watson, Crick and Wilkins for the reason that they were using Franklin’s data and findings without the latter’s knowledge and consent.To further study Franklin’s X-ray findings, Watson attended one of Franklin’s seminar by which she explained how she obtained her findings on the DNA structure. Originally, Franklin claimed that the DNA was structured in helix-form. With this, Watson had started again to construct a molecular model but in the end it was criticize by Franklin by saying that the phosphate backbones must not be in the inside but on the outside.Eager to finish their attempt, the two used Franklin’s observations in their ultimate attempt to arrive at the DNA structure model. However, 1951, the absolute details of the chemical structure of the backbone of the DNA were identified by Alexander Todd, a biochemist. With that, Watson and Crick were asked to stop working with the DNA structure in 1952. Yet the two had never co mpletely put aside their desire to come up with the DNA structure model.After numerous trips which exposed Watson and Crick to different methods and experimental systems that could help them in their account on DNA structure model, they were again asked to continue working on the DNA structural model by the then laboratory director Maurice Wilkins. Through the years, Franklin’s findings progresses and even developed.   The two, again, used Franklin’s findings in their experimental research on the DNA structure.The most outstanding contribution of Watson in the entire pursuit of the structural model of the DNA was his discovery of the nucleotide base pairs. These base pairs are said to be the chief answer in solving the structure and function of the DNA. Watson used the Pauling tradition, which he was formerly exposed.On February 1953, Watson worked out a molecule model which used a straight periphery, and exacto blade, white cardboard and adhesive. He made the molecu les flat in their loop so that he could slide the cardboard models and inspect how they work. Through such improvised models, Watson saw that the bigger two ring (A and G nucleobase; also referred as the purines) could be matched with a lesser one ring (T and C nucleobases; also referred as the pyrimidines).Watson hypothesized if the tow pairs could be paired through a hydrogen bond which he discovered possible. He then observed that the two pairs could be placed over on each other with alike general configuration. To elaborate, the hexagonal rings were central and the comparative courses of the five-member rings of A and G were the identical.   Watson perceived that numerous members were falling into place such that he regarded it as the answer. He was right for formulating such conclusion. Watson’s discovery of the base pairs was unswerving with what Chargaff, also a biochemist, had already worked out.Not so long that Watson and Crick had completed their experimental rese arch on the structural model of DNA by concluding the double helix form of the DNA. They presented their findings through a journal entitled Nature. With this great discovery, Watson and his co-scientists Crick and Wilkins were given the Nobel Prize in 1962 for their discovery of the structure of nucleic acids.Nevertheless, as mentioned earlier the controversy involving the original works of Franklin had put the three Nobel Prize Awardees in so much criticisms primarily with their failure to acknowledge the contribution of Franklin. But Watson took the courage to clarify the issue and appraise Franklin’s involvement in the discovery of the DNA structural model. In 1968, he published a book entitled The Double-Helix which explained his team’s side regarding the controversy with Franklin.He clarified that it was not intentional to bypass Franklin all throughout their achievements. He said that Franklin was really one of the persons who gave him the impetus to strive hard er and make him more careful in analyzing his experimental research on DNA structure.   In the end, his team included Franklin as one of the most important persons behind the success of their structural model of DNA.Watson’s published book made the public realize how scientists like him undergo so much hardships for the sake of scientific discoveries which can really aid the entire mankind in uplifting the quality of their lives. He had proven that with great effort and outstanding sacrifice, anyone could victoriously achieve his or her goals.Watson did not stop his scientific endeavors with his Nobel Prize award. He worked with the Genome Project in 1988 which he held up until 1992.References:Hamilton, J. (2004). James Watson: Solving the Mystery of DNA (Nobel Prize-Winning  Ã‚   Scientists). Enslow Publishers.Watson, J. D. (2001). The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Structure of DNA (First ed.). Touchstone. Nobel prize winner: james watson Among the most notable and controversial Nobel Prize recipients is James Watson. He, together with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, was awarded the Nobel Prize in the year 1962 in the Physiology or Medicine category. He is one of the scientists who discovered the molecular structure of the DNA which is hailed as one of the great breakthroughs in the field of Sciences.James Dewey Watson was born on April 6, 1928 in Chicago, Illinois. In his early life, he was said to be fond of bird-gazing together with his father. When he was 12 years old, he was part of the famous radio show entitled Quiz Kids, a game which challenged young students to a quiz contest. At the age of 15, Watson entered the University of Chicago with the help of the then liberal policy of Robert Hutchins, the University president. In 1946, his interest in the field of science changed from his former concern on ornithology to genetics after he had read What Is Life? by Erwin Schrodinger. In 1947, he received his Bache lor’s degree in Zoology from the same university.Among Watson’s foremost influences was Salvador Luria, also a Nobel Prize winner. He was engrossed to the latter’s work which exposed him on the nature of genetic mutations. In the first months of 1948, Watson started to pursue his Ph.D. research at Indiana University at Luria’s laboratory. He was able to meet with another Nobel Prize recipient Max Delbruck. Delbruck and Luria were the pioneers of the Phage Group, a movement of geneticists who underwent studies and researches on microbial genetics. Eventually, Watson was also able to work with the group as a working scientist.His experience with the Phage group opened up his scientific knowledge on the nature and structure of genes. In order to develop his knowledge about the components of a gene, he took a course with another scientist Feliz Haurowitz in 1949 in which he was able to gain the conventional views on genes such as genes were proteins and vice versa; that genes have the capacity to replicate themselves; and other scientific data about the DNA. But through with all those knowledge, Watson was also fascinated with the work of Oswald Avery explaining that DNA was indeed the genetic molecule. Towards his doctoral studies, he underwent X-rays researches which attempted to de-motivate bacterial viruses. In 1950, he received his Ph.D. in Zoology at Indiana University.To be able to enhance more his knowledge on genetics and genetic composition, Watson went to Europe to pursue a postdoctoral study. He stayed at the laboratory in Copenhagen owned by a biochemist named Herman Kalckar whose studies were also linked with the nucleic acids. Through his stay with Kalckar’s laboratory, he was able to conduct experiments with another member of the Phage group, Ole Maaloe.The latter’s studies and researches were concerned on the DNA and the earlier supposition that it is the genetic molecule. In a meeting in Italy where he ac companied Kalckar, he met Maurice Wilkins who was also a devoted geneticist. In an event, Wilkins had shown Watson an X-ray diffraction data for DNA (which was originally worked out by Rosalind Franklin). After seeing the X-ray, he came to a conclusion that DNA had a distinct structure. Watson attempted to discover this through his experimental research done in different universities.Watson came to a decision to be familiar with performing X-ray diffraction experiments for the reason that such undertaking would lead him to a more probable and easier discovery of the DNA structure (He was inspired by Linus Pauling who was able to publish the protein alpha helix model with his unremitting efforts in undergoing X-ray experiments on molecular model.In 1951, Watson, together with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, started to work out a series of experimental researches using Franklin’s X-ray findings on DNA structure. A controversy was said to occur during the period of experiment al researches among Watson, Crick and Wilkins for the reason that they were using Franklin’s data and findings without the latter’s knowledge and consent. To further study Franklin’s X-ray findings, Watson attended one of Franklin’s seminar by which she explained how she obtained her findings on the DNA structure.Originally, Franklin claimed that the DNA was structured in helix-form. With this, Watson had started again to construct a molecular model but in the end it was criticize by Franklin by saying that the phosphate backbones must not be in the inside but on the outside. Eager to finish their attempt, the two used Franklin’s observations in their ultimate attempt to arrive at the DNA structure model. However, 1951, the absolute details of the chemical structure of the backbone of the DNA were identified by Alexander Todd, a biochemist. With that, Watson and Crick were asked to stop working with the DNA structure in 1952. Yet the two had never completely put aside their desire to come up with the DNA structure model.After numerous trips which exposed Watson and Crick to different methods and experimental systems that could help them in their account on DNA structure model, they were again asked to continue working on the DNA structural model by the then laboratory director Maurice Wilkins. Through the years, Franklin’s findings progresses and even developed.   The two, again, used Franklin’s findings in their experimental research on the DNA structure.The most outstanding contribution of Watson in the entire pursuit of the structural model of the DNA was his discovery of the nucleotide base pairs. These base pairs are said to be the chief answer in solving the structure and function of the DNA. Watson used the Pauling tradition, which he was formerly exposed.On February 1953, Watson worked out a molecule model which used a straight periphery, and exacto blade, white cardboard and adhesive. He made the mole cules flat in their loop so that he could slide the cardboard models and inspect how they work. Through such improvised models, Watson saw that the bigger two ring (A and G nucleobase; also referred as the purines) could be matched with a lesser one ring (T and C nucleobases; also referred as the pyrimidines).Watson hypothesized if the tow pairs could be paired through a hydrogen bond which he discovered possible. He then observed that the two pairs could be placed over on each other with alike general configuration. To elaborate, the hexagonal rings were central and the comparative courses of the five-member rings of A and G were the identical.   Watson perceived that numerous members were falling into place such that he regarded it as the answer. He was right for formulating such conclusion. Watson’s discovery of the base pairs was unswerving with what Chargaff, also a biochemist, had already worked out.Not so long that Watson and Crick had completed their experimental re search on the structural model of DNA by concluding the double helix form of the DNA. They presented their findings through a journal entitled Nature. With this great discovery, Watson and his co-scientists Crick and Wilkins were given the Nobel Prize in 1962 for their discovery of the structure of nucleic acids.Nevertheless, as mentioned earlier the controversy involving the original works of Franklin had put the three Nobel Prize Awardees in so much criticisms primarily with their failure to acknowledge the contribution of Franklin. But Watson took the courage to clarify the issue and appraise Franklin’s involvement in the discovery of the DNA structural model. In 1968, he published a book entitled The Double-Helix which explained his team’s side regarding the controversy with Franklin. He clarified that it was not intentional to bypass Franklin all throughout their achievements. He said that Franklin was really one of the persons who gave him the impetus to strive h arder and make him more careful in analyzing his experimental research on DNA structure.   In the end, his team included Franklin as one of the most important persons behind the success of their structural model of DNA.Watson’s published book made the public realize how scientists like him undergo so much hardships for the sake of scientific discoveries which can really aid the entire mankind in uplifting the quality of their lives. He had proven that with great effort and outstanding sacrifice, anyone could victoriously achieve his or her goals.Watson did not stop his scientific endeavors with his Nobel Prize award. He worked with the Genome Project in 1988 which he held up until 1992.References:Hamilton, J. (2004). James Watson: Solving the Mystery of DNA (Nobel Prize-Winning  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scientists). Enslow Publishers.Watson, J. D. (2001). The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Structure of DNA (First ed.). Touchstone.

Haitis Slave Rebellion Prompted the Louisiana Purchase

Haitis Slave Rebellion Prompted the Louisiana Purchase A slave rebellion in Haiti helped the United States double in size at the beginning of the 19th century. The uprising in what was a French colony at the time had an unexpected repercussion when the leaders of France decided to abandon plans for an empire in the Americas. With Frances profound change of plans, the French decided to sell an enormous parcel of land, the Louisiana Purchase, to the United States in 1803.   Haitis Slave Rebellion In the 1790s the nation of Haiti was known as Saint Domingue, and it was a colony of France. Producing coffee, sugar, and indigo, Saint Domingue was a very profitable colony, but at considerable cost in human suffering. The majority of people in the colony were slaves brought from Africa, and many of them were literally worked to death within years of arriving in the Carribean. A slave rebellion, which broke out in 1791, gained momentum and was largely successful. In the mid-1790s the British, who were at war with France, invaded and seized the colony, and an army of former slaves eventually drove out the British. The leader of the former slaves, Toussaint lOuverture, established relations with the United States and Britain, and Saint Domingue was essentially an independent nation. The French Sought to Reclaim Saint Domingue The French, in time, chose to reclaim their colony, and Napoleon Bonaparte dispatched a military expedition of 20,000 men to Saint Domingue. Toussaint lOuverture was taken prisoner and jailed in France, where he died. The French invasion ultimately failed. Military defeats and an outbreak of yellow fever doomed Frances attempts to retake the colony. The new leader of the slave revolt, Jean Jacque Dessalines, declared Saint Domingue to be an independent nation on January 1, 1804. The nations new name was Haiti, in honor of a native tribe. Thomas Jefferson Had Wanted to Buy the City of New Orleans While the French were in the process of losing their grip on Saint Domingue, President Thomas Jefferson was trying to purchase the city of New Orleans from the French, who claimed much of the land west of the Mississippi River. Napoleon Bonaparte had been interested in Jeffersons offer to purchase the seaport at the mouth of the Mississippi. But the loss of the Frances most profitable colony made Napoleons government begin to think it wasnt worth holding on to the vast tract of land that is now the American Midwest. When Frances finance minister suggested that Napoleon should offer to sell Jefferson all the French holdings west of the Mississippi, the emperor agreed. And so Thomas Jefferson, who had been interested in buying a city, was offered the chance to buy enough land that the United States would instantly double in size. Jefferson made all the necessary arrangements, got approval from Congress, and in 1803 the United States bought the Louisiana Purchase. The actual transfer took place on December 20, 1803. The French had other reasons to sell the Louisiana Purchase besides their loss of Saint Domingue. One major concern was that the British, invading from Canada, could eventually seize all the territory anyway. But it is fair to say that France would not have been prompted to sell the land to the United States when they did had they not lost their prized colony of Saint Domingue. The Louisiana Purchase, of course, contributed enormously to the westward expansion of the United States and the era of Manifest Destiny. Haitis Chronic Poverty Is Rooted in the 19th Century Incidentally, the French, in the 1820s, did try once again to take back Haiti. France did not reclaim the colony, but it did force the small nation of Haiti to pay reparations for land which French citizens had forfeited during the rebellion. Those payments, with interest added, crippled the Haitian economy throughout the 19th century, meaning that Haiti was never able to develop as a nation. To this day Haiti is the most impoverished nation in the Western Hemisphere, and the countrys very troubled financial history is rooted in the payments it was making to France going back to the 19th century.